--[[
    A few table helper functions, in addition to a new T-table interface, which enables method indexing on tables.

    To define a T-table with explicit values use T{...}, to convert an existing table t, use T(t). To access table methods of a T-table t, use t:methodname(args).

    For lists, tables with sequential integral indices, use the lists library and the respective L{...} constructor. For sets, tables with unique elements and irrelevant order, use the sets library and the respective S{...} constructor.
]]

_libs = _libs or {}

require('maths')
require('functions')

local math, functions = _libs.maths, _libs.functions

local table = require('table')

_libs.tables = table

_raw = _raw or {}
_raw.table = setmetatable(_raw.table or {}, {__index = table})

--[[
    Signatures
]]

_meta = _meta or {}
_meta.T = _meta.T or {}
_meta.T.__index = table
_meta.T.__class = 'Table'

_meta.N = {}
_meta.N.__class = 'nil'

-- Constructor for T-tables.
-- t = T{...} for explicit declaration.
-- t = T(regular_table) to cast to a T-table.
function T(t)
    local res
    if class(t) == 'Set' then
        res = T{}

        local key = 1
        for el in pairs(t) do
            if type(el) == 'table' then
                res[key] = table.copy(el)
            else
                res[key] = el
            end
            key = key + 1
        end
    elseif class(t) == 'List' then
        res = T{}

        local key = 1
        for _, el in ipairs(t) do
            if type(el) == 'table' then
                res[key] = table.copy(el)
            else
                res[key] = el
            end
            key = key + 1
        end
    else
        res = t or {}
    end

    -- Sets T's metatable's index to the table namespace, which will take effect for all T-tables.
    -- This makes every function that tables have also available for T-tables.
    return setmetatable(res, _meta.T)
end

N = function()
    local nt = setmetatable({}, _meta.N)
    return function()
        return nt
    end
end()

function class(o)
    local mt = getmetatable(o)

    return mt and mt.__class or type(o)
end

-- Returns a function that returns the table when called.
function table.fn(t)
    return functions.const(t)
end

-- Checks if a table is an array, only having sequential integer keys.
function table.isarray(t)
    local count = 0
    for _, _ in pairs(t) do
        count = count + 1
    end

    return count == #t
end

-- Returns the number of elements in a table.
function table.length(t)
    local count = 0
    for _ in pairs(t) do
        count = count + 1
    end

    return count
end

-- Returns the first element of an array, or the element at position n, if provided.
function table.first(t, n)
    n = n or 1
    return t[n]
end

-- Returns the last element of an array, or the element at position (length-n+1), if n provided.
function table.last(t, n)
    n = n or 1
    n = n - 1
    return t[#t-n]
end

-- Returns true if searchval is in t.
function table.contains(t, searchval)
    for key, val in pairs(t) do
        if val == searchval then
            return true
        end
    end

    return false
end

-- Returns if the key searchkey is in t.
function table.containskey(t, searchkey)
    return rawget(t, searchkey) ~= nil
end

-- Appends an element to the end of an array table.
function table.append(t, val)
    t[#t+1] = val
    return t;
end

-- Appends an array table to the end of another array table.
function table.extend(t, t_extend)
    if type(t_extend) ~= 'table' then
        return table.append(t, t_extend)
    end
    for _, val in ipairs(t_extend) do
        table.append(t, val)
    end

    return t
end

_meta.T.__add = table.extend

-- Returns the number of element in the table that satisfy fn. If fn is not a function, counts the number of occurrences of fn.
function table.count(t, fn)
    if type(fn) ~= 'function' then
        fn = functions.equals(fn)
    end

    local count = 0
    for _, val in pairs(t) do
        if fn(val) then
            count = count + 1
        end
    end

    return count
end

-- Removes all elements from a table.
function table.clear(t)
    for key in pairs(t) do
        rawset(t, key, nil)
    end

    return t
end

-- Merges two dictionary tables and returns the result. Keys from the new table will overwrite keys.
function table.update(t, t_update, recursive, maxrec, rec)
    if t_update == nil then
        return t
    end

    recursive = recursive or false
    maxrec = maxrec or -1
    rec = rec or 0

    for key, val in pairs(t_update) do
        if t[key] ~= nil and recursive and rec ~= maxrec and type(t[key]) == 'table' and type(val) == 'table' and not table.isarray(val) then
            t[key] = table.update(t[key], val, true, maxrec, rec + 1)
        else
            t[key] = val
        end
    end

    return t
end

-- Merges two dictionary tables and returns the results. Keys from the new table will not overwrite existing keys.
function table.amend(t, t_amend, recursive, maxrec, rec)
    if t_amend == nil then
        return t
    end

    recursive = recursive or false
    maxrec = maxrec or -1
    rec = rec or 0

    local cmp
    for key, val in pairs(t_amend) do
        if t[key] ~= nil and recursive and rec ~= maxrec and type(t[key]) == 'table' and type(val) == 'table' and class(val) ~= 'List' and class(val) ~= 'Set' and not table.isarray(val) then
            t[key] = table.amend(t[key], val, true, maxrec, rec + 1)
        elseif t[key] == nil then
            t[key] = val
        end
    end

    return t
end

-- Searches elements of a table for an element. If, instead of an element, a function is provided, will search for the first element to satisfy that function.
function table.find(t, fn)
    fn = type(fn) ~= 'function' and functions.equals(fn) or fn

    for key, val in pairs(t) do
        if fn(val) then
            return key, val
        end
    end
end

-- Returns the keys of a table in an array.
function table.keyset(t)
    local res = {}
    if _libs.sets then
        for key in pairs(t) do
            res[key] = true
        end

        return setmetatable(res, _meta.S)
    end

    local res = {}
    local i = 0
    for key in pairs(t) do
        i = i + 1
        res[i] = key
    end

    if _libs.lists then
        res.n = i
    end

    return setmetatable(res, _libs.lists and _meta.L or _meta.T)
end

-- Flattens a table by splicing all nested tables in at their respective position.
function table.flatten(t, recursive)
    recursive = true and (recursive ~= false)

    local res = {}
    local key = 1
    local flat = {}
    for _, val in ipairs(t) do
        if type(val) == 'table' then
            if recursive then
                flat = table.flatten(val, recursive)
                table.extend(res, flat)
                key = key + #flat
            else
                table.extend(res, val)
                key = key + #val
            end
        else
            res[key] = val
            key = key + 1
        end
    end

    return T(res)
end

-- Returns true if all key-value pairs in t_eq equal all key-value pairs in t.
function table.equals(t, t_eq, depth)
    depth = depth or -1
    if depth == 0 then
        return t == t_eq
    end
    if class(t) ~= class(t_eq) then
        return false
    end

    local seen = {}

    for key, val in pairs(t) do
        local cval = rawget(t_eq, key)
        if val ~= cval then
            if type(val) == 'table' and class(val) == class(cval) then
                if not table.equals(val, cval, depth - 1) then
                    return false
                end
            else
                return false
            end
        end
        seen[key] = true
    end

    for key, val in pairs(t_eq) do
        if not seen[key] then
            return false
        end
    end

    return true
end

-- Removes and returns an element from t.
function table.delete(t, el)
    for key, val in pairs(t) do
        if val == el then
            if type(key) == 'number' then
                return table.remove(t, key)
            else
                local ret = t[key]
                t[key] = nil
                return ret
            end
        end
    end
end

-- Searches keys of a table according to a function fn. Returns the key and value, if found.
-- Searches keys of a table for an element. If, instead of an element, a function is provided, will search for the first element to satisfy that function.
function table.keyfind(t, fn)
    for key, val in pairs(t) do
        if fn(key) then
            return key, val
        end
    end
end

-- Returns a partial table sliced from t, equivalent to t[x:y] in certain languages.
-- Negative indices will be used to access the table from the other end.
function table.slice(t, from, to)
    local n  = #t

    from = from or 1
    if from < 0 then
        -- Modulo the negative index, to get it back into range.
        from = (from % n) + 1
    end
    to = to or n
    if to < 0 then
        -- Modulo the negative index, to get it back into range.
        to = (to % n) + 1
    end

    -- Copy relevant elements into a blank T-table.
    local res = {}
    local key = 1
    for i = from, to do
        res[key] = t[i]
        key = key + 1
    end

    return setmetatable(res, getmetatable(t))
end

-- Replaces t[from, to] with the contents of st and returns the table.
function table.splice(t, from, to, st)
    local n1 = #t
    local n2 = #st
    local tcpy = table.copy(t)

    for stkey = 1, n2 do
        tkey = from + stkey - 1
        t[tkey] = st[stkey]
    end

    for cpykey = to + 1, n1 do
        newkey = cpykey + n2 - (to - from) - 1
        t[newkey] = tcpy[cpykey]
    end

    local nn = #t
    for rmkey = nn - (to - from) + n2, nn do
        t[rmkey] = nil
    end

    t = res

    return t
end

-- Returns a reversed array.
function table.reverse(t)
    local res = {}

    local n = #t
    local rkey = n
    for key = 1, n do
        res[key] = t[rkey]
        rkey = rkey - 1
    end

    return setmetatable(res, getmetatable(t))
end

-- Gets a list of arguments and creates a table with key: value pairs alternating the arguments.
function table.dict(...)
    local res = type(...) == 'table' and ... or {}

    local start = type(...) == 'table' and 2 or 1
    for k = start, select('#', ...), 2 do
        res[select(k, ...)] = select(k + 1, ...)
    end

    return setmetatable(res, _meta.T)
end

-- Finds a table entry based on an attribute.
function table.with(t, attr, val)
    val = type(val) ~= 'function' and functions.equals(val) or val
    for key, el in pairs(t) do
        if type(el) == 'table' and val(el[attr]) then
            return el, key
        end
    end

    return nil, nil
end

-- Backs up old table sorting function.
_raw.table.sort = _raw.table.sort or table.sort

-- Returns a sorted table.
function table.sort(t, ...)
    _raw.table.sort(t, ...)
    return t
end

-- Returns a table keyed by a specified index of a subtable. Requires a table of tables, and key must be a valid key in every table. Only produces the correct result, if the key is unique.
function table.rekey(t, key)
    local res = {}

    for value in table.it(t) do
        res[value[key]] = value
    end

    return setmetatable(res, getmetatable(t))
end

-- Wrapper around unpack(t). Returns table elements as a list of values. Optionally takes a number of keys to unpack.
function table.unpack(t, ...)
    local count = select('#', ...);
    if count == 0 then
        return unpack(t)
    end

    local temp = {}
    local args = {...}
    for i = 1, count do
        temp[i] = t[args[i]]
    end

    return unpack(temp)
end

-- Returns the values of the table, extracted into an argument list. Like unpack, but works on dictionaries as well.
function table.extract(t)
    local res = {}
    -- Convert a (possible) dictionary into an array.
    local i = 1
    for value in table.it(t) do
        res[i] = value
        i = i + 1
    end

    return table.unpack(res)
end

-- Returns a copy of the table, including metatable and recursed over nested tables.
-- The second argument indicates whether or not to perform a deep copy (defaults to true)
function table.copy(t, deep)
    deep = deep ~= false and true
    local res = {}

    for value, key in table.it(t) do
        -- If a value is a table, recursively copy that.
        if type(value) == 'table' and deep then
            -- If it has a copy function in its __index metatable (but not main table), use that.
            -- Otherwise, default to the table.copy function.
            value = (not rawget(value, copy) and value.copy or table.copy)(value)
        end
        res[key] = value
    end

    return setmetatable(res, getmetatable(t))
end

-- Returns the first table, reassigned to the second one.
function table.reassign(t, tn)
    return table.update(table.clear(t), tn)
end

-- Returns an array containing values from start to finish. If no finish is specified, returns table.range(1, start)
function table.range(start, finish, step)
    if finish == nil then
        start, finish = 1, start
    end

    step = step or 1

    local res = {}
    for key = start, finish, step do
        res[key] = key
    end

    return setmetatable(res, _meta.T)
end

-- Splits an array into an array of arrays of fixed length.
function table.chunks(t, size)
    return table.range(math.ceil(t:length()/size)):map(function(i) return t:slice(size*(i - 1) + 1, size*i) end)
end

-- Backs up old table concat function.
_raw.table.concat = table.concat

-- Concatenates all objects of a table. Converts to string, if not already so.
function table.concat(t, delim, from, to)
    delim = delim or ''
    local res = ''

    if from or to then
        from = from or 1
        to = to or #t
        for key = from, to do
            local val = rawget(t, key)
            res = res .. tostring(val)
            if key < to then
                res = res .. delim
            end
        end
    else
        for value, key in table.it(t) do
            res = res .. tostring(value)
            if next(t, key) then
                res = res .. delim
            end
        end
    end

    return res
end

-- Concatenates all elements with a whitespace in between.
function table.sconcat(t)
    return table.concat(t, ' ')
end

-- Check if table is empty.
-- If rec is true, it counts empty nested empty tables as empty as well.
function table.empty(t, rec)
    if not rec then
        return next(t) == nil
    end

    for _, val in pairs(t) do
        if type(val) ~= 'table' then
            return false;
        else
            if not table.empty(val, true) then
                return false;
            end
        end
    end
    
    return true
end

-- Sum up all elements of a table.
function table.sum(t)
    return table.reduce(t, math.add, 0)
end

-- Multiply all elements of a table.
function table.mult(t)
    return table.reduce(t, math.mult, 1)
end

-- Returns the minimum element of the table.
function table.min(t)
    return table.reduce(t, math.min)
end

-- Returns the maximum element of the table.
function table.max(t)
    return table.reduce(t, math.max)
end

--[[
Copyright © 2013-2015, Windower
All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
    * Neither the name of Windower nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL Windower BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
]]