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authorchai <chaifix@163.com>2021-11-15 11:54:17 +0800
committerchai <chaifix@163.com>2021-11-15 11:54:17 +0800
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parent4c36bed53fe63ae6056730b3ecad2573f03d88f8 (diff)
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+inspect.lua
+===========
+
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/kikito/inspect.lua.png?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/kikito/inspect.lua)
+[![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/github/kikito/inspect.lua/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://coveralls.io/github/kikito/inspect.lua?branch=master)
+
+
+This library transforms any Lua value into a human-readable representation. It is especially useful for debugging errors in tables.
+
+The objective here is human understanding (i.e. for debugging), not serialization or compactness.
+
+Examples of use
+===============
+
+`inspect` has the following declaration: `local str = inspect(value, <options>)`.
+
+`value` can be any Lua value.
+
+`inspect` transforms simple types (like strings or numbers) into strings.
+
+```lua
+assert(inspect(1) == "1")
+assert(inspect("Hello") == '"Hello"')
+```
+
+Tables, on the other hand, are rendered in a way a human can read easily.
+
+"Array-like" tables are rendered horizontally:
+
+```lua
+assert(inspect({1,2,3,4}) == "{ 1, 2, 3, 4 }")
+```
+
+"Dictionary-like" tables are rendered with one element per line:
+
+```lua
+assert(inspect({a=1,b=2}) == [[{
+ a = 1,
+ b = 2
+}]])
+```
+
+The keys will be sorted alphanumerically when possible.
+
+"Hybrid" tables will have the array part on the first line, and the dictionary part just below them:
+
+```lua
+assert(inspect({1,2,3,b=2,a=1}) == [[{ 1, 2, 3,
+ a = 1,
+ b = 2
+}]])
+```
+
+Subtables are indented with two spaces per level.
+
+```lua
+assert(inspect({a={b=2}}) == [[{
+ a = {
+ b = 2
+ }
+}]])
+```
+
+Functions, userdata and any other custom types from Luajit are simply as `<function x>`, `<userdata x>`, etc.:
+
+```lua
+assert(inspect({ f = print, ud = some_user_data, thread = a_thread} ) == [[{
+ f = <function 1>,
+ u = <userdata 1>,
+ thread = <thread 1>
+}]])
+```
+
+If the table has a metatable, inspect will include it at the end, in a special field called `<metatable>`:
+
+```lua
+assert(inspect(setmetatable({a=1}, {b=2}) == [[{
+ a = 1
+ <metatable> = {
+ b = 2
+ }
+}]]))
+```
+
+`inspect` can handle tables with loops inside them. It will print `<id>` right before the table is printed out the first time, and replace the whole table with `<table id>` from then on, preventing infinite loops.
+
+```lua
+local a = {1, 2}
+local b = {3, 4, a}
+a[3] = b -- a references b, and b references a
+assert(inspect(a) == "<1>{ 1, 2, { 3, 4, <table 1> } }")
+```
+
+Notice that since both `a` appears more than once in the expression, it is prefixed by `<1>` and replaced by `<table 1>` every time it appears later on.
+
+### options
+
+`inspect` has a second parameter, called `options`. It is not mandatory, but when it is provided, it must be a table.
+
+#### options.depth
+
+`options.depth` sets the maximum depth that will be printed out.
+When the max depth is reached, `inspect` will stop parsing tables and just return `{...}`:
+
+```lua
+
+local t5 = {a = {b = {c = {d = {e = 5}}}}}
+
+assert(inspect(t5, {depth = 4}) == [[{
+ a = {
+ b = {
+ c = {
+ d = {...}
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}]])
+
+assert(inspect(t5, {depth = 2}) == [[{
+ a = {
+ b = {...}
+ }
+}]])
+
+```
+
+`options.depth` defaults to infinite (`math.huge`).
+
+#### options.newline & options.indent
+
+These are the strings used by `inspect` to respectively add a newline and indent each level of a table.
+
+By default, `options.newline` is `"\n"` and `options.indent` is `" "` (two spaces).
+
+``` lua
+local t = {a={b=1}}
+
+assert(inspect(t) == [[{
+ a = {
+ b = 1
+ }
+}]])
+
+assert(inspect(t, {newline='@', indent="++"}), "{@++a = {@++++b = 1@++}@}"
+```
+
+#### options.process
+
+`options.process` is a function which allow altering the passed object before transforming it into a string.
+A typical way to use it would be to remove certain values so that they don't appear at all.
+
+`options.process` has the following signature:
+
+``` lua
+local processed_item = function(item, path)
+```
+
+* `item` is either a key or a value on the table, or any of its subtables
+* `path` is an array-like table built with all the keys that have been used to reach `item`, from the root.
+ * For values, it is just a regular list of keys. For example, to reach the 1 in `{a = {b = 1}}`, the `path`
+ will be `{'a', 'b'}`
+ * For keys, the special value `inspect.KEY` is inserted. For example, to reach the `c` in `{a = {b = {c = 1}}}`,
+ the path will be `{'a', 'b', 'c', inspect.KEY }`
+ * For metatables, the special value `inspect.METATABLE` is inserted. For `{a = {b = 1}}}`, the path
+ `{'a', {b = 1}, inspect.METATABLE}` means "the metatable of the table `{b = 1}`".
+* `processed_item` is the value returned by `options.process`. If it is equal to `item`, then the inspected
+ table will look unchanged. If it is different, then the table will look different; most notably, if it's `nil`,
+ the item will dissapear on the inspected table.
+
+#### Examples
+
+Remove a particular metatable from the result:
+
+``` lua
+local t = {1,2,3}
+local mt = {b = 2}
+setmetatable(t, mt)
+
+local remove_mt = function(item)
+ if item ~= mt then return item end
+end
+
+-- mt does not appear
+assert(inspect(t, {process = remove_mt}) == "{ 1, 2, 3 }")
+```
+
+The previous exaple only works for a particular metatable. If you want to make *all* metatables, you can use the `path` parameter to check
+wether the last element is `inspect.METATABLE`, and return `nil` instead of the item:
+
+``` lua
+local t, mt = ... -- (defined as before)
+
+local remove_all_metatables = function(item, path)
+ if path[#path] ~= inspect.METATABLE then return item end
+end
+
+assert(inspect(t, {process = remove_all_metatables}) == "{ 1, 2, 3 }")
+```
+
+Filter a value:
+
+```lua
+local anonymize_password = function(item, path)
+ if path[#path] == 'password' then return "XXXX" end
+ return item
+end
+
+local info = {user = 'peter', password = 'secret'}
+
+assert(inspect(info, {process = anonymize_password}) == [[{
+ password = "XXXX",
+ user = "peter"
+}]])
+```
+
+Gotchas / Warnings
+==================
+
+This method is *not* appropriate for saving/restoring tables. It is meant to be used by the programmer mainly while debugging a program.
+
+Installation
+============
+
+If you are using luarocks, just run
+
+ luarocks install inspect
+
+Otherwise, you can just copy the inspect.lua file somewhere in your projects (maybe inside a /lib/ folder) and require it accordingly.
+
+Remember to store the value returned by require somewhere! (I suggest a local variable named inspect, although others might like table.inspect)
+
+ local inspect = require 'inspect'
+ -- or --
+ local inspect = require 'lib.inspect'
+
+Also, make sure to read the license; the text of that license file must appear somewhere in your projects' files. For your convenience, it's included at the begining of inspect.lua.
+
+Specs
+=====
+
+This project uses [busted](http://olivinelabs.com/busted/) for its specs. If you want to run the specs, you will have to install busted first. Then just execute the following from the root inspect folder:
+
+ busted
+
+Change log
+==========
+
+Read it on the CHANGELOG.md file
+
+
+
+
+