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+// MIT License
+
+// Copyright (c) 2019 Erin Catto
+
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+// copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+// SOFTWARE.
+
+#include "box2d/b2_collision.h"
+#include "box2d/b2_distance.h"
+#include "box2d/b2_circle_shape.h"
+#include "box2d/b2_polygon_shape.h"
+#include "box2d/b2_time_of_impact.h"
+#include "box2d/b2_timer.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+B2_API float b2_toiTime, b2_toiMaxTime;
+B2_API int32 b2_toiCalls, b2_toiIters, b2_toiMaxIters;
+B2_API int32 b2_toiRootIters, b2_toiMaxRootIters;
+
+//
+struct b2SeparationFunction
+{
+ enum Type
+ {
+ e_points,
+ e_faceA,
+ e_faceB
+ };
+
+ // TODO_ERIN might not need to return the separation
+
+ float Initialize(const b2SimplexCache* cache,
+ const b2DistanceProxy* proxyA, const b2Sweep& sweepA,
+ const b2DistanceProxy* proxyB, const b2Sweep& sweepB,
+ float t1)
+ {
+ m_proxyA = proxyA;
+ m_proxyB = proxyB;
+ int32 count = cache->count;
+ b2Assert(0 < count && count < 3);
+
+ m_sweepA = sweepA;
+ m_sweepB = sweepB;
+
+ b2Transform xfA, xfB;
+ m_sweepA.GetTransform(&xfA, t1);
+ m_sweepB.GetTransform(&xfB, t1);
+
+ if (count == 1)
+ {
+ m_type = e_points;
+ b2Vec2 localPointA = m_proxyA->GetVertex(cache->indexA[0]);
+ b2Vec2 localPointB = m_proxyB->GetVertex(cache->indexB[0]);
+ b2Vec2 pointA = b2Mul(xfA, localPointA);
+ b2Vec2 pointB = b2Mul(xfB, localPointB);
+ m_axis = pointB - pointA;
+ float s = m_axis.Normalize();
+ return s;
+ }
+ else if (cache->indexA[0] == cache->indexA[1])
+ {
+ // Two points on B and one on A.
+ m_type = e_faceB;
+ b2Vec2 localPointB1 = proxyB->GetVertex(cache->indexB[0]);
+ b2Vec2 localPointB2 = proxyB->GetVertex(cache->indexB[1]);
+
+ m_axis = b2Cross(localPointB2 - localPointB1, 1.0f);
+ m_axis.Normalize();
+ b2Vec2 normal = b2Mul(xfB.q, m_axis);
+
+ m_localPoint = 0.5f * (localPointB1 + localPointB2);
+ b2Vec2 pointB = b2Mul(xfB, m_localPoint);
+
+ b2Vec2 localPointA = proxyA->GetVertex(cache->indexA[0]);
+ b2Vec2 pointA = b2Mul(xfA, localPointA);
+
+ float s = b2Dot(pointA - pointB, normal);
+ if (s < 0.0f)
+ {
+ m_axis = -m_axis;
+ s = -s;
+ }
+ return s;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ // Two points on A and one or two points on B.
+ m_type = e_faceA;
+ b2Vec2 localPointA1 = m_proxyA->GetVertex(cache->indexA[0]);
+ b2Vec2 localPointA2 = m_proxyA->GetVertex(cache->indexA[1]);
+
+ m_axis = b2Cross(localPointA2 - localPointA1, 1.0f);
+ m_axis.Normalize();
+ b2Vec2 normal = b2Mul(xfA.q, m_axis);
+
+ m_localPoint = 0.5f * (localPointA1 + localPointA2);
+ b2Vec2 pointA = b2Mul(xfA, m_localPoint);
+
+ b2Vec2 localPointB = m_proxyB->GetVertex(cache->indexB[0]);
+ b2Vec2 pointB = b2Mul(xfB, localPointB);
+
+ float s = b2Dot(pointB - pointA, normal);
+ if (s < 0.0f)
+ {
+ m_axis = -m_axis;
+ s = -s;
+ }
+ return s;
+ }
+ }
+
+ //
+ float FindMinSeparation(int32* indexA, int32* indexB, float t) const
+ {
+ b2Transform xfA, xfB;
+ m_sweepA.GetTransform(&xfA, t);
+ m_sweepB.GetTransform(&xfB, t);
+
+ switch (m_type)
+ {
+ case e_points:
+ {
+ b2Vec2 axisA = b2MulT(xfA.q, m_axis);
+ b2Vec2 axisB = b2MulT(xfB.q, -m_axis);
+
+ *indexA = m_proxyA->GetSupport(axisA);
+ *indexB = m_proxyB->GetSupport(axisB);
+
+ b2Vec2 localPointA = m_proxyA->GetVertex(*indexA);
+ b2Vec2 localPointB = m_proxyB->GetVertex(*indexB);
+
+ b2Vec2 pointA = b2Mul(xfA, localPointA);
+ b2Vec2 pointB = b2Mul(xfB, localPointB);
+
+ float separation = b2Dot(pointB - pointA, m_axis);
+ return separation;
+ }
+
+ case e_faceA:
+ {
+ b2Vec2 normal = b2Mul(xfA.q, m_axis);
+ b2Vec2 pointA = b2Mul(xfA, m_localPoint);
+
+ b2Vec2 axisB = b2MulT(xfB.q, -normal);
+
+ *indexA = -1;
+ *indexB = m_proxyB->GetSupport(axisB);
+
+ b2Vec2 localPointB = m_proxyB->GetVertex(*indexB);
+ b2Vec2 pointB = b2Mul(xfB, localPointB);
+
+ float separation = b2Dot(pointB - pointA, normal);
+ return separation;
+ }
+
+ case e_faceB:
+ {
+ b2Vec2 normal = b2Mul(xfB.q, m_axis);
+ b2Vec2 pointB = b2Mul(xfB, m_localPoint);
+
+ b2Vec2 axisA = b2MulT(xfA.q, -normal);
+
+ *indexB = -1;
+ *indexA = m_proxyA->GetSupport(axisA);
+
+ b2Vec2 localPointA = m_proxyA->GetVertex(*indexA);
+ b2Vec2 pointA = b2Mul(xfA, localPointA);
+
+ float separation = b2Dot(pointA - pointB, normal);
+ return separation;
+ }
+
+ default:
+ b2Assert(false);
+ *indexA = -1;
+ *indexB = -1;
+ return 0.0f;
+ }
+ }
+
+ //
+ float Evaluate(int32 indexA, int32 indexB, float t) const
+ {
+ b2Transform xfA, xfB;
+ m_sweepA.GetTransform(&xfA, t);
+ m_sweepB.GetTransform(&xfB, t);
+
+ switch (m_type)
+ {
+ case e_points:
+ {
+ b2Vec2 localPointA = m_proxyA->GetVertex(indexA);
+ b2Vec2 localPointB = m_proxyB->GetVertex(indexB);
+
+ b2Vec2 pointA = b2Mul(xfA, localPointA);
+ b2Vec2 pointB = b2Mul(xfB, localPointB);
+ float separation = b2Dot(pointB - pointA, m_axis);
+
+ return separation;
+ }
+
+ case e_faceA:
+ {
+ b2Vec2 normal = b2Mul(xfA.q, m_axis);
+ b2Vec2 pointA = b2Mul(xfA, m_localPoint);
+
+ b2Vec2 localPointB = m_proxyB->GetVertex(indexB);
+ b2Vec2 pointB = b2Mul(xfB, localPointB);
+
+ float separation = b2Dot(pointB - pointA, normal);
+ return separation;
+ }
+
+ case e_faceB:
+ {
+ b2Vec2 normal = b2Mul(xfB.q, m_axis);
+ b2Vec2 pointB = b2Mul(xfB, m_localPoint);
+
+ b2Vec2 localPointA = m_proxyA->GetVertex(indexA);
+ b2Vec2 pointA = b2Mul(xfA, localPointA);
+
+ float separation = b2Dot(pointA - pointB, normal);
+ return separation;
+ }
+
+ default:
+ b2Assert(false);
+ return 0.0f;
+ }
+ }
+
+ const b2DistanceProxy* m_proxyA;
+ const b2DistanceProxy* m_proxyB;
+ b2Sweep m_sweepA, m_sweepB;
+ Type m_type;
+ b2Vec2 m_localPoint;
+ b2Vec2 m_axis;
+};
+
+// CCD via the local separating axis method. This seeks progression
+// by computing the largest time at which separation is maintained.
+void b2TimeOfImpact(b2TOIOutput* output, const b2TOIInput* input)
+{
+ b2Timer timer;
+
+ ++b2_toiCalls;
+
+ output->state = b2TOIOutput::e_unknown;
+ output->t = input->tMax;
+
+ const b2DistanceProxy* proxyA = &input->proxyA;
+ const b2DistanceProxy* proxyB = &input->proxyB;
+
+ b2Sweep sweepA = input->sweepA;
+ b2Sweep sweepB = input->sweepB;
+
+ // Large rotations can make the root finder fail, so we normalize the
+ // sweep angles.
+ sweepA.Normalize();
+ sweepB.Normalize();
+
+ float tMax = input->tMax;
+
+ float totalRadius = proxyA->m_radius + proxyB->m_radius;
+ float target = b2Max(b2_linearSlop, totalRadius - 3.0f * b2_linearSlop);
+ float tolerance = 0.25f * b2_linearSlop;
+ b2Assert(target > tolerance);
+
+ float t1 = 0.0f;
+ const int32 k_maxIterations = 20; // TODO_ERIN b2Settings
+ int32 iter = 0;
+
+ // Prepare input for distance query.
+ b2SimplexCache cache;
+ cache.count = 0;
+ b2DistanceInput distanceInput;
+ distanceInput.proxyA = input->proxyA;
+ distanceInput.proxyB = input->proxyB;
+ distanceInput.useRadii = false;
+
+ // The outer loop progressively attempts to compute new separating axes.
+ // This loop terminates when an axis is repeated (no progress is made).
+ for(;;)
+ {
+ b2Transform xfA, xfB;
+ sweepA.GetTransform(&xfA, t1);
+ sweepB.GetTransform(&xfB, t1);
+
+ // Get the distance between shapes. We can also use the results
+ // to get a separating axis.
+ distanceInput.transformA = xfA;
+ distanceInput.transformB = xfB;
+ b2DistanceOutput distanceOutput;
+ b2Distance(&distanceOutput, &cache, &distanceInput);
+
+ // If the shapes are overlapped, we give up on continuous collision.
+ if (distanceOutput.distance <= 0.0f)
+ {
+ // Failure!
+ output->state = b2TOIOutput::e_overlapped;
+ output->t = 0.0f;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (distanceOutput.distance < target + tolerance)
+ {
+ // Victory!
+ output->state = b2TOIOutput::e_touching;
+ output->t = t1;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ // Initialize the separating axis.
+ b2SeparationFunction fcn;
+ fcn.Initialize(&cache, proxyA, sweepA, proxyB, sweepB, t1);
+#if 0
+ // Dump the curve seen by the root finder
+ {
+ const int32 N = 100;
+ float dx = 1.0f / N;
+ float xs[N+1];
+ float fs[N+1];
+
+ float x = 0.0f;
+
+ for (int32 i = 0; i <= N; ++i)
+ {
+ sweepA.GetTransform(&xfA, x);
+ sweepB.GetTransform(&xfB, x);
+ float f = fcn.Evaluate(xfA, xfB) - target;
+
+ printf("%g %g\n", x, f);
+
+ xs[i] = x;
+ fs[i] = f;
+
+ x += dx;
+ }
+ }
+#endif
+
+ // Compute the TOI on the separating axis. We do this by successively
+ // resolving the deepest point. This loop is bounded by the number of vertices.
+ bool done = false;
+ float t2 = tMax;
+ int32 pushBackIter = 0;
+ for (;;)
+ {
+ // Find the deepest point at t2. Store the witness point indices.
+ int32 indexA, indexB;
+ float s2 = fcn.FindMinSeparation(&indexA, &indexB, t2);
+
+ // Is the final configuration separated?
+ if (s2 > target + tolerance)
+ {
+ // Victory!
+ output->state = b2TOIOutput::e_separated;
+ output->t = tMax;
+ done = true;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ // Has the separation reached tolerance?
+ if (s2 > target - tolerance)
+ {
+ // Advance the sweeps
+ t1 = t2;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ // Compute the initial separation of the witness points.
+ float s1 = fcn.Evaluate(indexA, indexB, t1);
+
+ // Check for initial overlap. This might happen if the root finder
+ // runs out of iterations.
+ if (s1 < target - tolerance)
+ {
+ output->state = b2TOIOutput::e_failed;
+ output->t = t1;
+ done = true;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ // Check for touching
+ if (s1 <= target + tolerance)
+ {
+ // Victory! t1 should hold the TOI (could be 0.0).
+ output->state = b2TOIOutput::e_touching;
+ output->t = t1;
+ done = true;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ // Compute 1D root of: f(x) - target = 0
+ int32 rootIterCount = 0;
+ float a1 = t1, a2 = t2;
+ for (;;)
+ {
+ // Use a mix of the secant rule and bisection.
+ float t;
+ if (rootIterCount & 1)
+ {
+ // Secant rule to improve convergence.
+ t = a1 + (target - s1) * (a2 - a1) / (s2 - s1);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ // Bisection to guarantee progress.
+ t = 0.5f * (a1 + a2);
+ }
+
+ ++rootIterCount;
+ ++b2_toiRootIters;
+
+ float s = fcn.Evaluate(indexA, indexB, t);
+
+ if (b2Abs(s - target) < tolerance)
+ {
+ // t2 holds a tentative value for t1
+ t2 = t;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ // Ensure we continue to bracket the root.
+ if (s > target)
+ {
+ a1 = t;
+ s1 = s;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ a2 = t;
+ s2 = s;
+ }
+
+ if (rootIterCount == 50)
+ {
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ b2_toiMaxRootIters = b2Max(b2_toiMaxRootIters, rootIterCount);
+
+ ++pushBackIter;
+
+ if (pushBackIter == b2_maxPolygonVertices)
+ {
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ ++iter;
+ ++b2_toiIters;
+
+ if (done)
+ {
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (iter == k_maxIterations)
+ {
+ // Root finder got stuck. Semi-victory.
+ output->state = b2TOIOutput::e_failed;
+ output->t = t1;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ b2_toiMaxIters = b2Max(b2_toiMaxIters, iter);
+
+ float time = timer.GetMilliseconds();
+ b2_toiMaxTime = b2Max(b2_toiMaxTime, time);
+ b2_toiTime += time;
+}